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22 settembre 高盛、摩根士丹利转型,华尔街的终结Goldman, Morgan Scrap Wall Street Model2008年09月22日10:39The Federal Reserve, in an attempt to prevent the crisis on Wall Street from infecting its two premier institutions, took the extraordinary measure on Sunday night of agreeing to convert investment banks Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. into traditional bank holding companies.为了防范华尔街危机波及到两大重要金融机构,美国联邦储备委员会(Fed)周日晚间采取了一项非同一般的措施,批准摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley)和高盛集团(Goldman Sachs Group Inc.)从投行转型为传统的银行控股公司。With the move, Wall Street as it has long been known -- a coterie of independent brokerage firms that buy and sell securities, advise clients and stay less regulated than that of old-fashioned banks that take deposits and lend money -- will cease to exist. Wall Street's two most prestigious institutions will come under the close supervision of national bank regulators, subjecting them to new capital requirements, additional oversight, and far less profitability than they have historically enjoyed.这样,长久以来人们所熟知的华尔街──一群从事证券买卖、为客户提供咨询服务、同时比从事储蓄和贷款业务的传统银行受到更少监管的独立经纪公司──将告终结。华尔街上声望最高的两大金融机构将处于国家银行监管机构的严密监督之下,它们需要满足新的资本要求、接受额外的监管,盈利水平也将远不及从前。Already, the biggest rivals of Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley -- Merrill Lynch & Co., Lehman Brothers and Bear Stearns Cos. -- have merged into larger banks or sought bankruptcy protection.高盛和摩根士丹利的主要竞争对手──美林(Merrill Lynch & Co.)、雷曼兄弟控股公司(Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.)和贝尔斯登(Bear Stearns Cos.)──都已经并入规模更大的银行或是寻求了破产保护。Becoming a bank holding company can help both companies organize their assets, and puts both in a much better position to be acquired, to merge, or to acquire smaller companies with insured deposits.成为银行控股公司将有助于两家公司组织自己的资产,它们也会在被收购、合并、或是收购有受保险存款的中小型公司中处于更有利地位。In the short term, the agreement with federal regulators is likely to significantly slow the merger discussions Morgan Stanley had been conducting with Wachovia Corp., the Charlotte, N.C.-based banking powerhouse. Morgan Stanley had also been in advanced discussions with China Investment Corp., an investment arm of the Chinese government, to raise billions of dollars in capital. It isn't clear if such a capital infusion is still needed.短期看来,与联邦监管机构达成的协议将可能会显著放缓摩根士丹利与北卡罗来纳州的大型银行Wachovia Corp.的并购谈判。摩根士丹利还与中国投资有限责任公司(China Investment Corp.)就数十亿美元的筹资事宜进行了深入的谈判。目前不清楚是否仍需要这样的注资。 |
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利息保障率(Debt Service Coverage Ratio/Times interest earned)又称利息保障倍数。
利息保障倍数是指企业息税前利润与利息费用之比,又称已获利息倍数,用以衡量偿付借款利息的能力,它是衡量企业支付负债利息能力的指标。
利息保障倍数=息税前利润÷利息费用
公式中的分子“息税前利润”是指利润表中未扣除利息费用和所得税前的利润。公式中的分母“利息费用”是指本期发生的全部应付利息,不仅包括财务费用中的利息费用,还应包括计入固定资产成本的资本化利息。资本化利息虽然不在利润表中扣除,但仍然是要偿还的。利息保障倍数的重点是衡量企业支付利息的能力,没有足够大的息税前利润,利息的支付就会发生困难。
利息保障倍数不仅反映了企业获利能力的大小,而且反映了获利能力对偿还到期债务的保证程度,它既是企业举债经营的前提依据,也是衡量企业长期偿债能力大小的重要标志。要维持正常偿债能力,利息保障倍数至少应大于1,且比值越高,企业长期偿债能力越强。如果利息保障倍数过低,企业将面临亏损、偿债的安全性与稳定性下降的风险。
为了考察企业偿付利息能力的稳定性,一般应计算5年或5年以上的利息保障倍数。保守起见,应选择5年中最低的利息保障倍数值作为基本的利息偿付能力指标。
关于该指标的计算,须注意以下几点:
(1)根据损益表对企业偿还债务的能力进行分析,作为利息支付保障的“分子”,只应该包括经常收益。
(2)特别项目(如:火灾损失等)、停止经营、会计方针变更的累计影响。
(3)利息费用不仅包括作为当期费用反映的利息费用,还应包括资本化的利息费用。
(4)未收到现金红利的权益收益,可考虑予以扣除。
(5)当存在股权少于100%但需要合并的子公司时,少数股权收益不应扣除
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