前国际象棋世界冠军鲍比·菲舍尔

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October 30

前国际象棋世界冠军鲍比·菲舍尔

Bobby Fischer
前国际象棋世界冠军鲍比·菲舍尔

Jan 24th 2008
From The Economist print edition

Bobby Fischer, an unsettling chess-player, died on January 17th, 2008,aged 64
鲍比·菲舍尔，一个居无定所的棋手，于一月十七日逝世，终年64岁。

Camera Press

PEOPLE were always coming to get Bobby Fischer. And he was ready for them. In a locked suitcase he kept bottles and bottles of vitamin pills and herbal potions and a large orange-juicer, in case they tried to put toxins in his food. His most precious memorabilia—match notebooks, photo albums, letters from President Nixon—were kept in a filing cabinet in a safe behind two combination locks in a ten-by-ten storage room in Pasadena, California. In the end, as he railed to radio talk-show hosts in Hungary and the Philippines, even all this couldn't keep him safe from Russians, or Jews, or “CIA rats who work for the Jews”. But he had tried.
人们总是来找鲍比·菲舍尔，并且他总是时刻准备着迎接他们。他在一个上了锁的手提箱中保存着成瓶的维生素片，草药制剂和一个大的橙子榨汁机，用以防备他们试图在他的饭中下毒。他最珍贵的纪念品，包括比赛记录本，相册和来自尼克松总统的信件，被保存在位于加州帕萨蒂纳一个10X10的储藏室里的上了两道密码锁的文件柜中。到了最后，就像他在匈牙利和菲律宾对广播脱口秀主持人抱怨的那样，他所做的这一切并不能使他免于来自俄罗斯人，犹太人，或为犹太人效力的美国中央情报局的间谍们的威胁。但是他毕竟尝试了。

They tried to disrupt his chess games, too. As he wrestled for the world championship against Boris Spassky at Reykjavik in 1972 they poked whirring TV cameras over his shoulder. They made the board too shiny, reflecting the lights, and fidgeted and coughed until he cleared out the first seven rows of the audience. By the third game he insisted on retreating to a tiny back room, where he could think. He was always better in dingy, womb-like spaces: the cabinet room of the Marshall Chess Club in New York City, where as a boy he skipped school to spend his mornings reading through old file-cards of 19th-century games; a particular table in the New York Public Library, where he sat for hours immersed in chess history, openings and strategy; or the walk-up family flat in Brooklyn where, once his mother and sister had moved out, he set up continuous chess games beside each bed, ignoring the outside sunshine to compete against himself. If you could see inside his brain, as his enemies no doubt hoped to, you would find it primed to attack and defend in every way possible, with a straight-moving rook or a sidling bishop, or with both in his favourite Ruy Lopez opening, or with the queen swallowing an early pawn in the “poisoned” version of the Sicilian, or a thousand others. At Reykjavik, when Mr Spassky was advised between games by 35 Russian grand masters, Mr Fischer had a notebook and his own long, lugubrious, clever head. And he won.
他们也试图破坏他的象棋比赛。1972年，在雷克雅未克，当他与鲍里斯·斯帕斯基争夺世界冠军的时候，他们把嗡嗡作响的电视摄像机伸过他的肩头。他们使棋盘产生强烈的反光，他们不停的挪动和咳嗽，一直到鲍比·菲舍尔清除了前七排的观众为止。到了第三场对局，他坚持比赛要在幕后的一个狭小的房间里进行，因为在那里他才能够思考。他总是在狭小，肮脏甚至是密不透风的地方发挥较好。比如纽约马绍尔国际象棋俱乐部的小房间，在他的童年时代，他早晨不去学校，而是在这里阅读记录在文件卡片上的19世纪的对局；比如在纽约公共图书馆的一张特别的桌子，他在那里一坐就是几个小时，沉浸在国际象棋的历史，开局和战略战术中；又比如在布鲁克林他的母亲和姐姐已经搬出去的老式公寓里，他在每一张床边都接连地摆上对局，不顾窗外阳光的干扰，醉心于自我对弈之中。如果你能像他的对手希望的那样看透他大脑中的想法的话，你将会发现随时准备好的以各种可能的方式发起的进攻和组织的防御，比如在他钟爱的路易洛佩兹开局中直行的车，斜着走的象，或两者的组合；又比如在西西里开局一个奇特变例中吃掉出头兵的后，或像其他上千种的方式。在雷克雅未克，当斯帕斯基先生在对局间歇听取35个俄罗斯特级大师的建议的时候，菲舍尔先生就只有一个笔记本和他的长长的，怪异的，聪明的脑袋，然而他赢了。

That made him a cold-war hero. The quirky individual had outplayed the state machine, and America had thrashed the Soviet Union at its own favourite game. But Mr Fischer, for all his elegant suits and childhood genius, his grandmastership at 15 and his 20-game winning streak at championship level in 1968-71, was always an unsettling poster-boy. His objective, he told everyone, was not just to win. It was to crush the other man's mind until he squirmed. And, in proper capitalist style, to get rich. At his insistence, the championship money was raised from $1,400 to $250,000; from the rematch with Mr Spassky in 1992, which he also won, he took away $3.5m. Since few venues, even Qatar or Caesar's Palace, offered him enough to make public playing worth his while, he spent the years after 1975 (when he forfeited his world title by refusing to defend it) largely wandering the world like a tramp, castigating his enemies. Only cold, eccentric Iceland welcomed him.

这使他成为一个冷战英雄。这个古怪的人超越了国家机器，使得美国在苏联最青睐的游戏中击败了苏联。但是即使拥有整洁的装束，童年时代的天才，十五岁时特级大师的称号和在1968-1971年冠军赛中20局不败的纪录，菲舍尔先生也还是一个居无定所的张贴海报的男孩。他告诉每一个人，他的目标并不只是取胜，而是从精神上击垮对手，使他们受到侮辱，并且以一种合适的资本主义的方式赢得财富。在他的坚持下，冠军赛的奖金从1400美元升至25万美元。从1992年他又一次赢得的和斯帕斯基先生的比赛中，他得到了350万美元。因为很少有即使是像卡塔尔或凯撒的宫殿那样的地方能够给菲舍尔用于公开比赛的时间提供足够的奖金，所以他在1975年（这一年他由于拒绝卫冕，丧失了世界冠军头衔）后的一些年间像一个流浪者一样漫游于世界各地，猛烈的批评他的敌人。只有寒冷的，古怪的冰岛欢迎他。

A house like a rook
像车一样的房子

What exactly was wrong with Bobby Fischer was a subject of much debate. The combination of high intelligence and social dysfunction suggested autism; but he had been a normal boy in many respects, enjoying Superman comics and going to hockey games. He had got mixed up in the 1960s with the Worldwide Church of God, a crazed millenarian outfit, and perhaps had learned from them to hate and revile the Jews; though he was Jewish himself, with a Jewish mother who had tried psychologists and the columns of the local paper to cure him of too much chess, but who still couldn't stop the pocket set coming out at the dinner table.
鲍比·菲舍尔究竟哪个地方出了问题是一个具有争议的话题。高智商和缺乏社交能力表明是自闭症，但是他曾经在许多方面都是一个正常的男孩，比如喜欢超人漫画和参加曲棍球运动。他曾经在1960年代参与过上帝的世界教会，也许就是从这个狂热的信奉千年的组织学会了仇恨和谩骂犹太人，即使他自己就是犹太人。尽管他的犹太母亲试图依靠精神病专家和当地报纸的专栏去治疗他对国际象棋的痴迷，但是他仍然不停的在餐桌上掏出迷你棋具。

Possibly—some said—he had been unhinged by the American government's stern pursuit of him after the 1992 rematch, which was played illegally in the former Yugoslavia. He cursed “stinking” America to his death, and welcomed the 2001 terrorist attacks as “wonderful news”—at which much of the good he had done for chess in his country, from inspiring clubs to instructing players to simply making the game, for the first time, cool, drained away like water into sand.
也许像有些人说得那样，他被美国政府在1992年再战后的对他坚持不懈的通缉逼疯了，因为那场在前南斯拉夫的比赛被视为是非法的。他至死诅咒万恶的美国，并且将2001年的恐怖袭击视为天大的好消息。就因为这一点，他为他的祖国的国际象棋界所作的贡献，包括从启发俱乐部，指导棋手到简单的对弈，第一次付诸东流。

Perhaps, in the end, the trouble was this: that chess, as he once said, was life, and there was nothing more. Mr Fischer was not good at anything else, had not persevered in school, had never done another job, had never married, but had pinned every urgent minute of his existence to 32 pieces and 64 black and white squares. He dreamed of a house in Beverly Hills that would be built in the shape of a rook.
也许最后，问题是这样的：像他曾经说过的，国际象棋是生活，除此之外别无其他。菲舍尔先生并不擅长于其他任何事情，没有坚持上完学，从来没有过另一个工作，从来没有结婚，而是把他活着的每一分钟花在了32个棋子和64个黑白格子上。他梦想着在比弗利山建造一座像车一样的房子。

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